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Causes of premature birth

Women with a history of certain diseases and habits are thought to have a tendency to give birth prematurely. Called babies born prematurely, before 37 weeks' gestation in the mother's womb. Premature birth can be caused by various factors which are often difficult to predict. Premature babies, especially those born before reaching 32 weeks, often experience various health problems.

Factors That Can Cause Premature Labor

Some factors that can trigger babies born prematurely, include:

Infection

Some cases of preterm birth are caused by bacterial infections in the reproductive system and urinary tract. Bacteria release substances that can weaken the membrane around the amniotic sac and cause premature rupture of membranes. This bacterium can also cause inflammation and infection of the uterus, even when the membrane that surrounds the uterus is still intact. This condition causes babies born prematurely. As for infections that can cause premature birth, including:
  • Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis.
  • Urinary tract infections or asymptomatic bacteriuria are generally not accompanied by symptoms, so it is necessary to do a urine examination to detect bacteria.
Especially for those who have previously experienced premature labor, you should undergo examination and treatment of bacterial vaginosis to reduce the risk of preterm birth.

Certain diseases or conditions

People with certain diseases such as diabetes, kidney disorders, high blood pressure, anemia during pregnancy, are more at risk of premature labor. In addition, problems with the placenta such as placenta previa or placental abruption can also cause the baby to be born prematurely. Placenta previa is a condition when the placenta is implanted too close to the cervix or cervix. People with placenta previa are prone to massive bleeding that often requires a cesarean section. Placenta abruption or abruption is a condition when the placenta begins to separate from the uterine wall before the baby is born. This condition can endanger the lives of the mother and baby. Having a cervical structure of less than 2.5 cm, or a cervix that opens and closes without contraction can also cause premature birth. This abnormal cervical condition can occur from birth or due to cervical surgery. Having surgery in the abdominal cavity during pregnancy, for example due to appendicitis or gallstones, also increases the risk of the baby being born prematurely.

Lifestyle

Daily bad habits can also trigger babies born prematurely such as:
  • Smoking while pregnant
  • Consuming alcohol or illegal drugs
  • Eat less nutritious foods.

Other risk factors

There are several other specific conditions that make a woman more at risk of giving birth prematurely, including:
  • Having more than one baby.
  • Pregnant a second child or more with a distance of less than six months from a previous pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy through IVF.
  • Have had an abortion or miscarriage several times.
  • Some preterm labor also tends to occur in pregnant women who have blood relations with women who have experienced it first. In this case, genetic factors can be considered to play a role.
  • Experienced trauma, depression, violence, or injury during pregnancy. High stress causes the release of hormones that trigger contractions and premature birth.
  • Less or more normal body weight before pregnancy.
  • Take diethylstilboestrol (DES) during pregnancy.
  • Aged less than 17 or more than 35 years while pregnant.
  • Use an IUD contraception during conception and the IUD is still in position when pregnant.
  • Your type of work involves heavy physical activity.
  • Several times experienced bleeding during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester.
  • If you feel you have one or more risk factors for a preterm baby, you should immediately talk to your obstetrician for more intensive treatment to prevent preterm labor.
If you feel you have one or more risk factors for a preterm baby as discussed above, you should immediately talk to your obstetrician for more intensive treatment.

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